Historical Origin of Batak Tribe in Indonesia

This article is the part that will tell you a little story and history of the origin of the Batak tribe in Indonesia, all reinforce and introduce us to the eyes of the world will be the presence of an identical rate and interesting to browse, hopefully readers can better learning of this article, following his review.

History Origins of Batak

History Origins Batak- Batak tribe is one of the ethnic groups in Indonesia. This name is a collective terms for identifying some tribes who live and come from Tapanuli, East Sumatra and North Sumatra. Ethnic groups are categorized as Batak Toba Batak, Batak Karo Batak Pakpak, Simalungun Batak, Batak Angkola and Batak Mandailing. The majority of the Batak are Christian and the rest are Muslims. But there also are embraced Malim and also adheres to the belief Animism (also called sipelebegu or parbegu), the adherents of this belief is now diminishing. Here let us consider the history of the Origins of Batak

History Batak

Batak people is Austronesian- but not known when the ancestors of the Batak people first settled in Tapanuli and East Sumatra. Language and archaeological evidence shows that the Austronesian-speaking people of Taiwan have been moved to the Philippines and Indonesia about 2,500 years ago, namely in the young stone age (Neolithic). Because until now there has been no artifacts Neolithic (Stone Age Young) were found in the Batak region can be presumed that the new Batak ancestors migrated to North Sumatra at the time of the metal. In the 6th century, traders from India Tamil Barus establish trading city, on the west coast of North Sumatra. They trade Barus chalk cultivated by farmers in the interior. Kapur Barus of the Batak land of high quality so that it becomes one of the export commodities in addition to incense. In the 10th century, Barus attacked by Srivijaya. This led to the expulsion of Tamil traders from the coast of Sumatra. In subsequent periods, trade lime Barus start controlled by the Minangkabau merchants established a colony in the west and the east coast of North Sumatra. Their colonies stretching from Barus, Sorkam, until Christmas.

Identity Batak

RW Liddle said, that before the 20th century in northern Sumatra there is no ethnic group as a coherent social unit. According to the 19th century, in the area of social interaction is confined to the relationship between individuals, between kinship groups, or between villages. And almost no awareness to be part of the social units and greater political. Another opinion suggests, that the awareness of a large family of new Batak occurred in colonial times. In J. Pardede dissertation argues that the term "Batak" and "Batak people" created by foreigners. Instead, Siti Omas Manurutng, a wife of a pastor's son Batak Toba stated, that before the arrival of the Dutch, all the good people and the Karo Batak Simalungun recognizes himself as, and Belandalah who have made separation of these groups. A myth that has various versions stated, that Pusuk Buhit, one of the peaks in the west of Lake Toba, is a "birth" of the nation Batak. Besides these myths also stated that the ancestors are from Samosir Batak people.

The formation of Batak society composed of various genera, in part due to the migration of families from other parts of Sumatra. Important research conducted by JH Karo Neumann, based on oral literature and transcription of two local script, which Kembaren Library and Library Ginter. According Kembaren Library, Kembaren clan homelands of Pagaruyung in Minangkabau. Tamils are expected to also be an element forming the Karo people. This is evident from the number of Karo surname derived from the Tamil language. Tamils who became a trader on the west coast, fled inland Minangkabau of Sumatra in the attack forces that came in the 14th century to master Barus.

Christian Missionaries

In 1824, two Baptist missionaries from England, Richard Burton and Nathaniel Ward walk from Batak Sibolga headed inland. After three days of walking, they reached the plateau Silindung and persist for two weeks in the interior. From this exploration, they make observations and direct observation of the Batak people's lives. In 1834, this activity was followed by Henry Lyman and Samuel Munson of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions. In 1850, the Council commissioned the Gospel Netherlands Herman Neubronner van der Tuuk to publish a book of grammar and dictionary Batak - Netherlands. It aims to facilitate the missions of Christian groups - the Dutch and German speaking community Simalungun Toba and target their Christianization. The first missionaries from Germany arrived in the valley around Lake Toba in 1861, and a mission Christianization executed in 1881 by Dr. Ludwig Ingwer Nommensen. New Testament for the first time translated into Batak Toba by Nommensen in 1869 and the translation of the Old Testament was completed by PH Johannsen in 1891. The translation text is printed in roman letters in the field in 1893. According to HO Voorma, this translation is not easy read, a bit stiff, and sounded strange in Batak language. Toba and Karo society Christianity absorbs quickly, and at the beginning of the 20th century have made Christianity the cultural identity. In this period is the period of the rise of colonialism Dutch East Indies, where many people Batak is no longer resist the colonial administration. Guerrilla resistance carried out by people Batak Toba ended in 1907, after their charismatic leader, Singamangaraja XII died,HKBP. Batak Christian Protestant Church (HKBP) has been established in Balige in September 1917. In the late 1920s, a school nurse provides care training to midwives there. Then in 1941, Karo Batak Protestant Church (GBKP) was established.

Greetings Typical Batak

Each tribe Batak have distinctive greeting each. Although the Batak tribe known for greeting Horas, but there are still two more to less popular greeting in the community and Njuah Mejuah juah juah. Horas itself still has a mention of each based on the families who use it

Pakpak "Njuah-juah Mo Banta Karina!", Karo "Mejuah-juah We Krina!", Toba "Horas Jala Gabe Ma On Hita Saluhutna!", Simalungun "Horas Banta Haganupan, Greetings Habonaran Do Bona!",Mandailaing and Angkola "Horas Tondi Tondi Matogu Ma Madingin Pears, Vegetables Matua Bulung!".

Kinship

Kinship is regarding the legal relationship between people in social life. There are two forms of kinship to the Batak tribe, which is based on lineage (genealogy) and based on sociological, while territorial kinship there

Forms of kinship based on lineage (genealogy) visible from the clan genealogy from Si Raja Batak, where all ethnic Batak have clan. While kinship based sociological occur through agreements (frontier between certain clans) and by marriage. In the tradition of Batak, which is a union of Indigenous is blood ties within the clan, then Marga. This means for example Harahap, unity is customary Marga Marga Harahap vs. other. Since that Indigenous Batak / Traditional Batak dynamic nature that is often adjusted to the time and place influence the hue difference between the traditions of the area. The existence of philosophy in the parable in Toba Batak language that reads: Jonok dongan partubu jonokan do dongan parhundul. is a philosophy that we always maintain good relations with neighbors, because they are the closest friends. However, in a custom implementation, the first look is the one clan, although basically neighbors should not be forgotten in the implementation of the Indigenous.

Philosophy and Social Systems

Batak people have the philosophy, principles as well as in terms of social structures and systems that are in Batak Toba called Dalihan na Tolu.

Here mention Dalihan Natolu by six ladies Hobo:

1. Dalihan Na Tolu (Toba)

• Somba Marhula-hula
• Manat Mardongan Tubu
• Elek Marboru

2. Dalian Na Tolu (Mandailaing and Angkola)

• Yours Marmora
• Manat Markahanggi
• Elek Maranak Boru

 3. Tolu Sahundulan (Simalungun)

• Martondong Ningon Sincerely, Sombah
• Marsanina Ningon Pakkei, Manat
• Marboru Ningon Elek, Pakkei

 4. Rakut Sitelu (Karo)

• Nembah Man Kalimbubu
• Mehamat Man Sembuyak
• Nami-nami Man Child Beru

5. Daliken Sitelu (Pakpak)

• Worship Merkula-kula
• Body Merdengan Manat
• Elek Marberru

But that does not mean there is caste in Batak kinship system. Kinship system Dalihan na Tolu is contextual. According to the context, all the Batak certainly never be Hulahula, as well as Dongan Tubu, as well as Boru. So everyone has to put his position contextually. Thus, in the kinship system, everyone should behave Batak 'king'. King of the kinship system Batak not mean people in power, but the people who behaved in accordance with the manners in Batak kinship system. So in every conversation custom always called King ni Hulahula, King no Dongan Body and King ni Boru.

Controversy

Some people Karo, Angkola, and Mandailaing not call himself a part of Batak tribe. The matter came up because in general category of "Batak" looked down upon by other nations. In addition, religious differences also cause some people Tapanuli not want to be called as the Batak. On the northeast coast of Sumatra, especially in the city of Medan, this split is very pronounced. Especially in the case of the election of political leaders and the seizure of economic resources. Another source said Batak word is derived from the Governor General Raffles plan that makes ethnic Christians who are between the Sultanate of Aceh and the Islamic kingdom Minangkabau, in the region of Barus Inland, called Batak. Generalization word against ethnic Batak Mandailaing (Angkola) and Karo, generally unacceptable by the descendants of the original region. Likewise in Angkola, that there are many Muslim refugees from the area around Lake Toba and Samosir, due to the implementation of the manufacturing afdeeling Bataklanden by the Dutch government, which banned the Muslim population living in the region.

The greatest conflict is a conflict between northern communities with southern Tapanuli Tapanuli, regarding the identity of the Batak and Mandailaing. The northern part of the Batak demanding identity for the majority of the population Tapanuli, even in the outer regions. While the southern part of Batak refused identity, by relying on the elements of culture and the resources of the West. Mandailaing public rejection that does not want to be called as part of the Batak, brought up to the surface in case of Tapanuli States (1919-1922), Case Cemetery Dead River (1922), and Case Forming Tapanuli Province (2008-2009). In census 1930 and 2000, the government classifies Simalungun, Karo, Toba, Mandailaing, Pakpak and Angkola as ethnic Batak.

Thank you for your interest in knowing about our tribe, about the history and origins of the tribe of our fathers, hopefully in the future I can tell you again in the best interest of our tribe.